لیست کامل افعال Gerund و Infinitive در انگلیسی

یادگیری افعال Gerund و Infinitive یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های گرامر انگلیسی است. این افعال برای بیان افعال بعد از یک فعل اصلی، صفات، یا برخی عبارات کاربرد دارند و بسته به فعل یا عبارت، باید از Gerund (-ing) یا Infinitive (to + base verb) استفاده شود.

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1️⃣ افعال متداول که بعد از آنها باید Gerund بیاید

این افعال همیشه یا غالباً با Gerund استفاده می‌شوند.

فعل	مثال
admit	She admitted cheating on the test.
avoid	He avoids talking to strangers.
consider	Have you considered moving to another city?
delay	They delayed making a decision.
deny	She denied stealing the money.
enjoy	I enjoy reading books.
finish	We finished cleaning the house.
imagine	Can you imagine living in that castle?
involve	The job involves traveling a lot.
keep	He keeps forgetting my birthday.
mind	Would you mind opening the window?
postpone	They postponed meeting until next week.
practice	She practices singing every day.
recommend	I recommend trying this restaurant.
risk	He risked losing everything.
suggest	I suggest going to the museum.

💡 نکته: بعد از این افعال از شکل -ing استفاده می‌کنیم و هرگز to + verb نمی‌آید.

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2️⃣ افعالی که با Infinitive می‌آیند

برخی افعال تنها با Infinitive (to + فعل اصلی) استفاده می‌شوند.

فعل	مثال
agree	She agreed to help me.
appear	He appeared to be tired.
arrange	We arranged to meet at noon.
ask	I asked him to come early.
choose	She chose to study abroad.
decide	They decided to leave the party.
expect	I expect to finish the work soon.
fail	He failed to notice the mistake.
forget	Don’t forget to call your mom.
help	Can you help me to carry this box?
hope	We hope to visit Paris next year.
intend	I intend to start a new business.
learn	She learned to drive last year.
manage	He managed to escape the accident.
need	You need to improve your skills.
offer	They offered to pay for dinner.
plan	We plan to go hiking tomorrow.
pretend	He pretended to be asleep.
promise	She promised to call me later.
refuse	He refused to answer the question.
seem	She seems to know everything.
want	I want to travel this summer.
wish	I wish to speak with the manager.

💡 نکته: این افعال بعد از خود همیشه با to + verb می‌آیند و شکل Gerund در این موقعیت اشتباه است.

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3️⃣ افعالی که هم با Gerund هم با Infinitive می‌آیند ولی معنای متفاوت دارند

برخی افعال با هر دو حالت می‌آیند اما معنی جمله تغییر می‌کند.

فعل	Gerund	Infinitive
forget	I forgot meeting her before. (فراموش کردم که دیدمش)	I forgot to meet her. (فراموش کردم با او ملاقات کنم)
remember	I remember meeting him. (به یاد دارم که دیدمش)	I remember to meet him. (به یاد دارم که با او ملاقات کنم)
stop	I stopped smoking. (سیگار کشیدن را ترک کردم)	I stopped to smoke. (برای کشیدن سیگار ایستادم)
try	I tried restarting the computer. (تلاش کردم کامپیوتر را راه‌اندازی کنم)	I tried to restart the computer. (سعی کردم کامپیوتر را راه‌اندازی کنم)
regret	I regret telling you. (پشیمانم که بهت گفتم)	I regret to tell you. (متأسفم که باید بهت بگویم)

💡 نکته: معنای جمله بسته به انتخاب Gerund یا Infinitive کاملاً متفاوت می‌شود و این افعال را باید با دقت استفاده کرد.

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4️⃣ افعال بعد از حروف اضافه (Prepositions)

بعد از حروف اضافه، همیشه از Gerund استفاده می‌کنیم، نه Infinitive.

حرف اضافه	مثال
about	I’m thinking about moving abroad.
after	He apologized after arriving late.
before	Wash your hands before eating.
by	You can improve your English by reading books.
for	She is famous for singing beautifully.
in	He is interested in learning French.
on	We insisted on paying for dinner.
without	She left without saying goodbye.

💡 نکته: بعد از حروف اضافه هیچ‌گاه از Infinitive استفاده نمی‌کنیم.

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5️⃣ ترکیب افعال و شکل آنها در جملات

برای یادگیری سریع، می‌توان این افعال را بر اساس الگوهای کاربردی دسته‌بندی کرد:

الگو	مثال
Verb + Gerund	I enjoy reading novels.
Verb + Infinitive	She decided to go to university.
Verb + Object + Infinitive	I want you to study harder.
Verb + Preposition + Gerund	He is good at playing chess.

🎯 آیکون‌ها و علائم یادآوری:

• ✅ برای افعال Gerund
• 🔹 برای افعال Infinitive
• ⚠️ برای افعالی که با هر دو می‌آیند

افعال Gerund و Infinitive – ادامه و مثال‌های بیشتر

یادگیری دقیق افعال Gerund و Infinitive باعث می‌شود جملات شما طبیعی‌تر و روان‌تر به نظر برسد. در این بخش، لیست افعال بیشتر همراه با مثال‌های کاربردی ارائه می‌شود.

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1️⃣ افعال رایج Gerund – ادامه لیست

فعل	مثال
appreciate ✅	I really appreciate helping me.
avoid ✅	She avoids eating junk food.
can’t help ✅	I can’t help laughing at his jokes.
celebrate ✅	They celebrated winning the match.
complete ✅	He completed writing the report.
delay ✅	We delayed leaving for the airport.
enjoy ✅	I enjoy painting in my free time.
excuse ✅	Please excuse me for interrupting.
fancy ✅	Do you fancy going to the cinema?
involve ✅	The project involves using new technology.
justify ✅	He justified leaving early.
mind ✅	Would you mind helping me?
postpone ✅	They postponed organizing the event.
recommend ✅	I recommend visiting the museum.
risk ✅	He risked losing his job.
suggest ✅	She suggested meeting tomorrow.
tolerate ✅	I can’t tolerate being ignored.
understand ✅	I understand needing more time.

💡 نکته: بعد از این افعال همیشه Gerund (-ing) می‌آید و شکل Infinitive اشتباه است.

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2️⃣ افعال رایج Infinitive – ادامه لیست

فعل	مثال
afford 🔹	I can’t afford to buy a new car.
agree 🔹	They agreed to help us.
appear 🔹	She appears to know the answer.
arrange 🔹	We arranged to meet at 5 PM.
attempt 🔹	He attempted to climb the mountain.
beg 🔹	He begged me to stay.
choose 🔹	She chose to study medicine.
demand 🔹	They demanded to see the manager.
deserve 🔹	He deserves to win the prize.
fail 🔹	She failed to notice the error.
happen 🔹	I happened to meet her yesterday.
hesitate 🔹	Don’t hesitate to ask questions.
intend 🔹	We intend to start a business.
manage 🔹	He managed to finish the task.
need 🔹	You need to study harder.
offer 🔹	They offered to help me.
plan 🔹	I plan to travel next month.
pretend 🔹	He pretended to be sick.
promise 🔹	She promised to call later.
refuse 🔹	He refused to answer politely.
seem 🔹	It seems to be impossible.
tend 🔹	People tend to overthink sometimes.
volunteer 🔹	She volunteered to help the children.
wait 🔹	I waited to meet her at the station.
wish 🔹	I wish to speak with the director.

💡 نکته: این افعال همواره با Infinitive (to + verb) می‌آیند و استفاده از Gerund بعد از آنها اشتباه است.

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3️⃣ افعالی که معنای متفاوت با Gerund و Infinitive دارند – ادامه

فعل	Gerund	Infinitive
begin	It began raining heavily. (شروع به بارش باران کرد)	It began to rain heavily. (شروع به بارش باران کرد)
continue	She continued working despite the noise.	She continued to work despite the noise.
hate	I hate waiting in lines. (از انتظار متنفرم)	I hate to wait in lines.
like	I like swimming. (از شنا لذت می‌برم)	I like to swim. (دوست دارم شنا کنم – رسمی‌تر)
love	He loves singing.	He loves to sing.
prefer	I prefer walking to running.	I prefer to walk.
start	They started talking about the problem.	They started to talk about the problem.

⚠️ توضیح: برای برخی افعال، انتخاب Gerund یا Infinitive تفاوت زیادی ندارد و می‌توان هر دو را استفاده کرد، اما در برخی افعال (مثل forget، stop، regret) معنی کاملاً متفاوت می‌شود.

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4️⃣ افعال بعد از Object + Infinitive

بعضی افعال همراه با مفعول (Object) می‌آیند و بعد از آن باید Infinitive بیاید:

الگو	مثال
Verb + Object + Infinitive	I want you to succeed.
Verb + Object + Infinitive	She asked him to leave.
Verb + Object + Infinitive	We told them to wait.
Verb + Object + Infinitive	He persuaded me to join the team.
Verb + Object + Infinitive	They reminded her to bring the documents.

💡 نکته: در این ترکیب، Gerund بعد از Object اشتباه است.

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5️⃣ افعال بعد از Preposition – ادامه مثال‌ها

بعد از حروف اضافه، همیشه از Gerund استفاده می‌کنیم:

حرف اضافه	مثال
about	I’m worried about failing the exam.
after	He left after finishing his homework.
before	Wash your hands before eating.
by	You can improve by practicing daily.
for	She is famous for singing beautifully.
in	He is interested in learning Spanish.
on	We insisted on paying for the tickets.
without	He left without saying goodbye.
with	She is busy with preparing the presentation.
at	He is skilled at designing logos.

✅ قانون کلی: بعد از Preposition همیشه Gerund می‌آید و Infinitive صحیح نیست.

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تمرین‌ها و پاسخ‌ها – افعال Gerund و Infinitive

تمرین‌ها شامل جای خالی، انتخاب صحیح و ترجمه جملات است. پاسخ‌ها در انتهای هر تمرین آمده‌اند.

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1️⃣ تمرین جای خالی با Gerund یا Infinitive

پر کنید جای خالی‌ها با Gerund (-ing) یا Infinitive (to + verb):

1. I enjoy _______ (read) novels in my free time.
2. She agreed _______ (help) me with the project.
3. He avoided _______ (talk) to strangers.
4. We decided _______ (go) to Paris next summer.
5. They postponed _______ (announce) the results.
6. I forgot _______ (call) my friend yesterday.
7. She suggested _______ (visit) the museum.
8. He promised _______ (finish) the work on time.
9. I can’t stand _______ (wait) in long lines.
10. They managed _______ (solve) the problem quickly.

پاسخ‌ها:

1. reading ✅
2. to help 🔹
3. talking ✅
4. to go 🔹
5. announcing ✅
6. to call 🔹
7. visiting ✅
8. to finish 🔹
9. waiting ✅
10. to solve 🔹

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2️⃣ تمرین انتخاب صحیح – Gerund یا Infinitive با تغییر معنی

انتخاب صحیح را انجام دهید:

1. I stopped _______ (smoke / to smoke) last year.
2. She remembered _______ (meet / to meet) him before.
3. He forgot _______ (lock / to lock) the door.
4. I tried _______ (restart / to restart) the computer.
5. They regretted _______ (tell / to tell) us the news.

پاسخ‌ها:

1. smoking ✅ (سیگار کشیدن را ترک کردم)
2. meeting ✅ (به یاد دارم که دیدمش)
3. to lock 🔹 (فراموش کردم قفل کنم)
4. to restart 🔹 (سعی کردم راه‌اندازی کنم)
5. telling ✅ (پشیمانم که به شما گفتم)

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3️⃣ تمرین بعد از حروف اضافه (Preposition + Gerund)

جملات را کامل کنید:

1. I’m interested in _______ (learn) French.
2. She apologized for _______ (arrive) late.
3. We are looking forward to _______ (meet) you.
4. He succeeded in _______ (solve) the puzzle.
5. They left without _______ (say) goodbye.

پاسخ‌ها:

1. learning ✅
2. arriving ✅
3. meeting ✅
4. solving ✅
5. saying ✅

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4️⃣ تمرین ترجمه با توجه به Gerund و Infinitive

به انگلیسی ترجمه کنید:

1. من از خواندن کتاب لذت می‌برم.
2. او تصمیم گرفت به مدرسه برود.
3. آنها پیشنهاد دادند که بعد از ظهر ملاقات کنیم.
4. من فراموش کردم که به مادرم زنگ بزنم.
5. او سعی کرد کامپیوتر را راه‌اندازی کند.

پاسخ‌ها:

1. I enjoy reading books. ✅
2. He decided to go to school. 🔹
3. They suggested meeting in the afternoon. ✅
4. I forgot to call my mother. 🔹
5. He tried to restart the computer. 🔹

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5️⃣ تمرین ترکیبی – تشخیص Gerund یا Infinitive

جملات زیر را با شکل صحیح پر کنید:

1. She can’t help _______ (laugh) at his jokes.
2. I want _______ (learn) English faster.
3. We risked _______ (lose) all our money.
4. He promised _______ (come) early tomorrow.
5. I’m tired of _______ (wait) for the bus.

پاسخ‌ها:

1. laughing ✅
2. to learn 🔹
3. losing ✅
4. to come 🔹
5. waiting ✅

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🎯 نکته‌های مهم بخش تمرین:

• بعد از افعال Enjoy, Avoid, Suggest, Risk, Can’t help همیشه Gerund می‌آید.
• بعد از افعال Decide, Promise, Try, Want, Plan همیشه Infinitive می‌آید.
• بعد از Prepositions همیشه Gerund می‌آید.
• افعال دوگانه مثل stop, forget, remember, regret, try معنی متفاوت دارند، مراقب باشید.