سوال با افعال توبی | تمرین افعال to be

معرفی و کاربرد افعال To Be در زمان‌های مختلف

افعال to be یکی از پایه‌ای‌ترین و پرکاربردترین افعال در زبان انگلیسی هستند. این افعال برای بیان هویت، ویژگی‌ها، مکان، زمان و حالت‌ها استفاده می‌شوند. شکل‌های اصلی این فعل عبارتند از:

• am → برای فاعل I
• is → برای فاعل‌های مفرد سوم شخص (he, she, it)
• are → برای فاعل‌های جمع و دوم شخص (you, we, they)

1️⃣ کاربرد افعال To Be

1. بیان هویت یا حرفه
   • I am a teacher.
   • She is a doctor.
   • They are students.
2. بیان حالت یا احساس
   • He is happy.
   • I am tired.
   • We are excited.
3. بیان مکان
   • The book is on the table.
   • They are at the park.
4. بیان زمان (زمان حال ساده)
   • Today is Monday.
   • The meeting is at 10 AM.

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2️⃣ جدول افعال To Be در زمان حال

فاعل	شکل فعل To Be	مثال
I	am	I am happy.
You	are	You are a student.
He/She/It	is	She is my friend.
We	are	We are at home.
You (جمع)	are	You are teachers.
They	are	They are in the park.

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3️⃣ شکل منفی افعال To Be در زمان حال

برای منفی کردن افعال to be کافی است not بعد از فعل قرار گیرد:

• I am not hungry.
• He is not (isn’t) tired.
• They are not (aren’t) ready.

جدول شکل منفی

فاعل	شکل منفی	مثال
I	am not	I am not a student.
You	are not	You are not late.
He/She/It	is not	He is not busy.
We	are not	We are not in the room.
You (جمع)	are not	You are not alone.
They	are not	They are not at school.

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4️⃣ شکل سوالی افعال To Be در زمان حال

برای ساخت سوال، فعل to be را قبل از فاعل می‌آوریم:

• Am I late?
• Is she your sister?
• Are they friends?

جدول شکل سوالی

فاعل	شکل سوالی	مثال
I	Am I …?	Am I ready?
You	Are you …?	Are you a teacher?
He/She/It	Is he/she/it …?	Is she at home?
We	Are we …?	Are we on time?
You (جمع)	Are you …?	Are you students?
They	Are they …?	Are they happy?

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5️⃣ استفاده از To Be در زمان گذشته

شکل‌های گذشته افعال to be عبارتند از:

• was → برای I, he, she, it
• were → برای you, we, they

جدول افعال To Be در گذشته

فاعل	شکل گذشته	مثال
I	was	I was at home yesterday.
You	were	You were late.
He/She/It	was	She was happy.
We	were	We were tired.
You (جمع)	were	You were in the park.
They	were	They were friends.

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6️⃣ شکل منفی افعال To Be در گذشته

• I was not (wasn’t) at school yesterday.
• He was not (wasn’t) ready.
• They were not (weren’t) happy.

جدول منفی گذشته

فاعل	شکل منفی گذشته	مثال
I	was not	I was not late.
You	were not	You were not tired.
He/She/It	was not	He was not sad.
We	were not	We were not at home.
You (جمع)	were not	You were not in class.
They	were not	They were not ready.

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7️⃣ شکل سوالی افعال To Be در گذشته

برای سوالی کردن، کافی است شکل گذشته فعل to be را قبل از فاعل بیاوریم:

• Was I late?
• Was he happy?
• Were they at school?

جدول سوالی گذشته

فاعل	شکل سوالی گذشته	مثال
I	Was I …?	Was I tired yesterday?
You	Were you …?	Were you ready?
He/She/It	Was he/she/it …?	Was she at home?
We	Were we …?	Were we friends?
You (جمع)	Were you …?	Were you happy?
They	Were they …?	Were they late?

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8️⃣ کاربردهای ویژه افعال To Be

• بیان سن:
  • I am 20 years old.
• بیان شرایط آب و هوایی:
  • It is sunny today.
  • It was raining yesterday.
• بیان موقعیت جغرافیایی یا مکانی:
  • Paris is in France.
  • They were in London last year.

جدول کاربردهای ویژه

کاربرد	مثال زمان حال	مثال زمان گذشته
سن	I am 18 years old	I was 17 last year
آب و هوا	It is sunny	It was raining
مکان	She is at school	They were at home

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تمرینات عملی و جملات ترکیبی با افعال To Be

این بخش شامل تمرین‌های عملی، جملات جای خالی و جملات ترکیبی برای تقویت مهارت استفاده از افعال to be در زمان حال و گذشته است.

1️⃣ تمرین جای خالی با زمان حال

در جملات زیر، شکل مناسب to be را (am / is / are) جایگزین کنید:

1. I ___ a student.
2. She ___ my sister.
3. They ___ at the park.
4. We ___ tired today.
5. He ___ a doctor.
6. You ___ very kind.
7. The book ___ on the table.
8. It ___ sunny today.
9. I ___ not ready.
10. She ___ not happy.

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	am
2	is
3	are
4	are
5	is
6	are
7	is
8	is
9	am not
10	is not

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2️⃣ تمرین جای خالی با زمان گذشته

شکل مناسب was / were را جایگزین کنید:

1. I ___ at home yesterday.
2. He ___ very tired last night.
3. We ___ at the cinema yesterday.
4. They ___ friends in school.
5. She ___ happy yesterday.
6. You ___ late for the class.
7. The weather ___ sunny last week.
8. I ___ not at school yesterday.
9. They ___ not ready for the test.
10. He ___ not at the party.

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	was
2	was
3	were
4	were
5	was
6	were
7	was
8	was not
9	were not
10	was not

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3️⃣ تمرین جملات سوالی

شکل صحیح to be را قبل از فاعل بیاورید تا جمله سوالی درست شود:

1. (I / late?) → ___ I late?
2. (she / your friend?) → ___ she your friend?
3. (they / ready?) → ___ they ready?
4. (he / at home?) → ___ he at home?
5. (we / happy?) → ___ we happy?

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	Am
2	Is
3	Are
4	Is
5	Are

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4️⃣ تمرین جملات منفی

جملات زیر را با شکل منفی to be کامل کنید:

1. I ___ not a teacher.
2. She ___ not ready.
3. They ___ not at school.
4. He ___ not tired.
5. We ___ not late.

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	am
2	is
3	are
4	is
5	are

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5️⃣ تمرین ترکیب زمان حال و گذشته

در جملات زیر، شکل مناسب to be را در زمان درست جایگذاری کنید:

1. Yesterday, I ___ at home, but today I ___ at school.
2. She ___ tired yesterday, but now she ___ happy.
3. They ___ friends in childhood and they ___ friends now.
4. The weather ___ rainy yesterday, but today it ___ sunny.
5. He ___ not ready yesterday, but today he ___ ready.

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	was / am
2	was / is
3	were / are
4	was / is
5	was / is

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6️⃣ تمرین مکالمه کوتاه

جملات زیر را با شکل مناسب to be تکمیل کنید:

A: Hi! How are you?
B: I ___ fine, thank you. And you?
A: I ___ great. Where ___ your friends?
B: They ___ at the park.
A: Really? And your brother ___ at home?
B: No, he ___ not at home.

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	am
2	am
3	are
4	are
5	is
6	is not

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7️⃣ تمرین ترکیبی با اشکال منفی و سوالی

1. ___ you ready for the exam?
2. She ___ not at school yesterday.
3. ___ they your friends?
4. He ___ not happy today.
5. ___ I late?

جدول پاسخ‌ها

جمله	پاسخ صحیح
1	Are
2	was
3	Are
4	is
5	Am

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افعال to be یکی از مهم‌ترین افعال در زبان انگلیسی هستند و در سطوح پایه تا پیشرفته کاربرد دارند. این افعال می‌توانند به عنوان فعل اصلی یا کمکی در جمله ظاهر شوند و برای بیان هویت، ویژگی، وضعیت، مکان، و زمان استفاده می‌شوند.

1️⃣ شکل‌های افعال to be

افعال to be در زمان حال، گذشته و آینده شکل‌های متفاوتی دارند:

زمان	شخص	شکل فعل to be
حال ساده	I	am
حال ساده	You	are
حال ساده	He/She/It	is
حال ساده	We/They	are
گذشته ساده	I/He/She/It/We/They	was / were
آینده ساده	همه	will be

نکته:

• در حال ساده، am فقط با I استفاده می‌شود.
• is با سوم شخص مفرد (He/She/It) و are با سایر اشخاص (You/We/They) می‌آید.
• در گذشته ساده، was برای I, He, She, It و were برای You, We, They استفاده می‌شود.
• آینده ساده با will be برای همه اشخاص ساخته می‌شود.

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2️⃣ استفاده‌های افعال to be

1. برای بیان هویت و ویژگی‌ها
   مثال‌ها:
   • I am a teacher. 👩‍🏫
   • She is intelligent. 🧠
2. برای بیان حالت یا وضعیت
   مثال‌ها:
   • He is tired. 😴
   • We are happy. 😊
3. برای بیان مکان
   مثال‌ها:
   • The book is on the table. 📚
   • They are at the park. 🌳
4. به عنوان فعل کمکی در زمان‌های استمراری
   مثال‌ها:
   • I am studying English. 📖
   • She is watching TV. 📺

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3️⃣ جملات مثبت، منفی و پرسشی

✅ جملات مثبت

ساختار: فاعل + فعل to be + متمم

• I am a student.
• He is at home.
• They are friends.

❌ جملات منفی

ساختار: فاعل + فعل to be + not + متمم

• I am not a doctor.
• She is not in the office.
• We are not ready.

❓ جملات پرسشی

ساختار: فعل to be + فاعل + متمم؟

• Am I late?
• Is he your brother?
• Are they at school?

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4️⃣ مثال‌های بیشتر برای تمرین 🏋️

نوع جمله	مثال
مثبت	I am happy.
منفی	She is not sad.
پرسشی	Are you a student?
مثبت	We are in the garden.
منفی	They are not tired.
پرسشی	Is it cold today?

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5️⃣ نکات کلیدی درباره افعال to be

• فعل to be در زمان‌های مختلف شکل متفاوت دارد.
• این فعل با فاعل هماهنگی دارد.
• در جملات منفی، not بعد از فعل قرار می‌گیرد.
• در جملات پرسشی، فعل به ابتدای جمله می‌آید.
• to be می‌تواند به عنوان فعل اصلی یا کمکی ظاهر شود.

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6️⃣ تمرین‌های پرسشی با افعال to be 🖊️

1. (He / tired) → ______?
2. (I / a teacher) → ______?
3. (They / at home) → ______?
4. (We / not ready) → ______?
5. (She / your friend) → ______?
6. (It / cold today) → ______?
7. (You / a student) → ______?
8. (The cat / on the sofa) → ______?
9. (I / not late) → ______?
10. (We / at school) → ______?

پاسخ تمرین‌ها (برای خودکار بررسی کردن):

1. Is he tired?
2. Am I a teacher?
3. Are they at home?
4. We are not ready.
5. Is she your friend?
6. Is it cold today?
7. Are you a student?
8. The cat is on the sofa.
9. I am not late.
10. Are we at school?

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7️⃣ خلاصه‌ی بصری افعال to be 🎨

شخص	حال مثبت	حال منفی	حال پرسشی
I	am	am not	Am I?
You	are	are not	Are you?
He/She/It	is	is not	Is he/she/it?
We	are	are not	Are we?
They	are	are not	Are they?